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Casarabe culture sites (Cotoca and Landívar)

Location	Llanos de Mojos, Beni Department, Bolivia
Conventional date	About 500–1400 CE.
Alternative date proposals	None with significant published support that we know of.
What is measured	Centres of 147 ha and 315 ha with platform mounds, conical pyramids up to about 22 m, causeways and reservoirs. [1]

A low-density urban landscape in seasonally flooded savanna and forest, published in Nature in 2022.

Claims about this site

Claim	Status	Verdict
The pre-Columbian Amazon held large, organised societies, not just small bands	Mainstream	Supported by LiDAR and excavation
More than 10,000 earthworks are still hidden under the Amazon canopy	Contested	Model estimate: 10,272–23,648 sites still undiscovered

Sources

Prümers, H. et al. (2022). Lidar reveals pre-Hispanic low-density urbanism in the Bolivian Amazon. Nature 606. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04780-4 data
Peripato, V. et al. (2023). More than 10,000 pre-Columbian earthworks are still hidden throughout Amazonia. Science 382. doi:10.1126/science.ade2541 data

Dates are summarised in our own words from the sources listed. Conventional and alternative dates are both reported; "measured" lists only dated or documented findings. Methodology.