Sites directory
For each site: where it is, the conventional date, any alternative dates that have been proposed, and what has been measured. Linked claims carry the full arguments.
Africa
Great Sphinx of Giza
Egypt · Fourth Dynasty, reign of Khafre, about 2500 BCE (carved from bedrock within his pyramid complex).
Giza pyramids
Egypt · Fourth Dynasty, about 2600–2500 BCE (Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure).
Pyramids of Meroë
Sudan · Kingdom of Kush, about 300 BCE to 350 CE.
Asia
Gunung Padang
Indonesia · Stone terraces dated by excavators to about 2,100 years ago (charcoal from architectural contexts).
Shimao and the Huangchengtai platform
China · Walled city c. 2300–1800 BCE; stepped platform about 70 m high.
Göbekli Tepe
Türkiye · Pre-Pottery Neolithic, enclosures from about 9500 BCE.
Karahan Tepe
Türkiye · Broadly about 9500–8000 BCE (Taş Tepeler group).
Baalbek megaliths
Lebanon · Roman Temple of Jupiter complex, 1st century BCE to 1st century CE, with quarry blocks of the...
Yonaguni Monument
Japan · Natural sandstone formation shaped by jointing and erosion (possibly modified).
Europe
Visočica hill ('Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun')
Bosnia and Herzegovina · Natural hill of tilted Miocene sedimentary rock; a medieval fortified town stood on its summit.
Pyramids of Güímar
Spain (Canary Islands) · Built about 1848–1864, probably from stones cleared from fields.
Stonehenge
United Kingdom · Henge about 3000 BCE; sarsens about 2500 BCE; Mesolithic posts nearby about 8500–7650 BCE.
Carnac alignments
France · Neolithic, from about 4600–4300 BCE for dated sections.
North America
Great Pyramid of Cholula (Tlachihualtépetl)
Mexico · Built in stages from about the 2nd century BCE to about the 9th century CE.
Teotihuacan: Pyramid of the Sun
Mexico · Pyramid of the Sun built about 100–200 CE (Tzacualli phase).
Valeriana
Mexico · Classic Maya city, peak about 750–850 CE (as reported).
Oceania
South America
Caral (Sacred City of Caral-Supe)
Peru · Monumental phase from about 2627 cal BCE (radiocarbon).
Upano Valley settlements
Ecuador · About 500 BCE to 300–600 CE (Kilamope and Upano cultures).
Casarabe culture sites (Cotoca and Landívar)
Bolivia · About 500–1400 CE.
Upper Xingu settlements (including Kuhikugu)
Brazil · About 1250–1650 CE.
Sacsayhuamán and Ollantaytambo
Peru · Inca, from the 15th century; earlier (Killke) occupation of the hill.
Pumapunku (Tiwanaku)
Bolivia · Construction from about the 6th century CE; Tiwanaku collapsed about 1010–1050 CE.